PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA: PENGARUH KESEHATAN DAN LINGKUNGAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70197/jebisma.v3i2.153Keywords:
pengeluaran kesehatan, angka harapan hidup, polusi udara, Pertumbuhan EkonomiAbstract
Studi ini mengkaji keterkaitan antara pengeluaran kesehatan, angka harapan hidup, tingkat pengangguran, dan polusi udara terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data yang bersumber dari publikasi resmi World Bank, BPS, WHO, dan Kementerian Kesehatan dengan rentang waktu 1990–2023. Data diolah dengan menggunakan metode regresi linier berganda dengan pendekatan Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeluaran kesehatan memberikan kontribusi positif signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, menegaskan peran kesehatan sebagai investasi modal manusia. Sebaliknya, pengangguran berpengaruh negatif meskipun tidak signifikan. Mengindikasikan bahwa persoalan ketenagakerjaan masih menjadi hambatan struktural bagi pembangunan ekonomi. Polusi udara (PM2.5) ditemukan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Hal ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya pengendalian lingkungan sebagai bagian dari strategi pembangunan berkelanjutan. Angka harapan hidup menunjukkan pengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Ini mencerminkan adanya disparitas dalam kualitas kesehatan antarwilayah. Temuan ini menekankan perlunya kebijakan integratif yang tidak hanya berfokus pada aspek makro ekonomi, tetapi juga pada peningkatan kualitas kesehatan masyarakat, penyerapan tenaga kerja, dan pengendalian polusi udara sebagai pilar utama pertumbuhan ekonomi jangka panjang di Indonesia.
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